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  1. Browse decks
  2. Docker and Kubernetes
  3. Containers vs Virtual Machines: Namespaces, cgroups and Images
Public deck

Docker and Kubernetes

How containers are built and run with Docker, and how Kubernetes schedules, connects and heals them. Written for engineers who deploy and debug containerised apps.

Engineering
AShared by Alex Chen
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Containers vs Virtual Machines: Namespaces, cgroups and Images

What a container is at the level of the Linux kernel, how it differs from a virtual machine, and how images are stored in layers and shared through registries.

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Content

41 total questions

MCQ: 10
Fill-in: 8
Flashcards: 12
Pair match: 11
Containers vs Virtual Machines: Namespaces, cgroups and Images – Flashcards
Flashcards

Card #1

Container

Card #2

Linux namespace

Card #3

cgroup (control group)

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Containers vs Virtual Machines: Namespaces, cgroups and Images – MCQ
Multiple Choice Questions
  1. 1. A Linux host runs one container from an Ubuntu image and another from an Alpine image. Which kernel does each container use?

    • Each one boots the kernel stored in its own image's /boot folder
    • Ubuntu's uses the host kernel and Alpine's uses a musl kernel
    • Both use the host's kernel; only the user-space files differ
    • Docker starts a small dedicated kernel for each container on demand
  2. 2. A workload needs a different operating system kernel from the one the host runs. What is the right way to run it?

    • In a virtual machine, which boots its own guest kernel
    • In a container started with the --privileged flag set
    • In a container built from that operating system's base image
    • In a container given its own user namespace and its own cgroup
  3. 3. You pull myapp:latest on Monday and again on Friday and get two different images. Why?

    • Docker always resolves latest to the newest image built by anyone at all
    • latest is an ordinary tag, and the publisher pointed it at a newer image
    • The registry rebuilds the latest tag from its Dockerfile on every single pull
    • The local image cache expired, so Docker rebuilt the image on your machine
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Containers vs Virtual Machines: Namespaces, cgroups and Images – Fill-in-the-blank
Fill in the Blank
  1. 1. gVisor adds isolation by handling a container's system calls in its own ___ that runs in user space, instead of passing them all to the host kernel.

    Answer:kernelalso: application kernel, user-space kernel

    Hint: The part of an OS that system calls normally go to

  2. 2. Kata Containers runs each container or pod inside a lightweight ___, so it gets its own kernel.

    Answer:virtual machinealso: VM, microVM, micro VM

    Hint: The other kind of isolation this topic compares containers with

  3. 3. cgroup version ___ uses a single unified hierarchy, and most current Linux distributions mount it by default.

    Answer:2also: v2, two

    Hint: The newer of the two versions

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Containers vs Virtual Machines: Namespaces, cgroups and Images – Pair match
Pair Match
PID namespace↔Process IDs, so the container numbers its processes from 1
Network namespace↔Network interfaces, IP addresses, routes and ports
Mount namespace↔The list of mounted filesystems
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